A car (by means of French that of Greek car, himself and Latin mobilis, a vehicle moving itself that it is moved rather than by a another vehicle or animal) moves or car (that usually only car is shortened) is a passenger vehicle on wheels that its own engine carries. Most of the definitions of the period specify that the cars mainly on ways are devised to run, to have plaatsing for one up to eight people, to have four wheels typically, and for mainly for the transport of people earlier than goods.[1 ] are constructed nochtans, is the period far from precise because there are a lot of types of vehicles those similar tasks do. A car which is operated by Otto petrol engine was built in Mannheim, Germany by Karl Benz in 1885, and granted a patent in January of the next year under supervision of its important company, Benz & Cie that was set up in 1883. Although different other German engineers (including Gottlieb Daimler, will helmet Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus) worked for the problem in approximately same the time, Karl Benz are generally recognised since the inventor was granted of modern automobile.[5 ] in Benz of 1879 a patent for its first engine, ontworpen=wordt = that in 1878, much of its other inventions used of the internal combustion engine for operating a vehicle and in 1896, Benz area devised and, feasible patented the first internal combustion engine. Approximately 25 vehicles of Benz were built and were sold by 1893, then first vehicle with four wheels is was introduced. They were operated with viertaktmotoren of its own design. Emile Roger which produce the driving forces behind Benz of France, already under license, now added the car of Benz to its line of products. Because France was more open to the early cars, were built more and in France Roger Benz that in Germany were then sold is sold. Daimler and Maybach aimed Daimler engines Gesellschaft (Daimler engine Company, DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890, on and under the mark name, Daimler sold, their first car in 1892. by 1895 approximately 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, or at the work Daimler or in the hotel Hermann, where they make shop after brawl with their support set up. Benz and Daimler seem have been unconscious of the each other's early work have worked and independently. Karl Benz put cooperation between DMG and Benz & Cie for then the economic conditions in Germany after the first war of the world started deteriorate, but the directors of DMG refused consider it initially. Negotiations between the two resumed companies different years later and in 1924, they signed an agreement of reciprocal importance validly up to year 2000 both ventures standardised design, production, buying, sale, and adverteren-op the market bring models gezamenlijk-hoewel keeping their respective marks to their car-mobile. On 28 Juni..1926, Benz, & Cie and DMG added definitively as daimler-Benz company, which baptises each of its Benz that of auto'sMercedes the most important model of the DMG cars, the design honours Maybach that later as 1902 Mercedes-35hp, with the name of Benz it is meant. Karl Benz remained a member of the Council of management from daimler-Benz to its dead in 1929. reduced the complex security which assigns each worker of the doorwaadbare place procedure-vooral to a specific place instead of permitting them to roam concerning-over-dramatic the tariff of wound. The combination of high remunerations and high efficiency is called "Fordism," and copied by most of important the industries. The efficiency acquisitions of the current link also coincided with the start of the United States. The current link forced workers for a certain tempo with very repeated motions work which led to more output by worker whereas other countries used less productive methods. In the motorcar industry, predominated its success, and spread out rapidly worldwide from. Doorwaadbare place France and doorwaadbare place Great Britain in 1911, doorwaadbare place Denmark 1923, doorwaadbare place Germany 1925; in 1921, was Citroën first domestic European manufactuer it approve. Shortly, the companies had current link have, or risk bankroet going; in 1930 zijn..250 companies which gehade disappeared.[12 ] for the twenties, almost all cars produced in mass to satisfy so that to market to needs, marketing the plans motorcar has influenced design frequently heavily. It was Alfred P. Sloan which established the idea of different of cars make which are produced by one company, so that itself the purchasers could move "" as their better fortuinen. Indicating on the fast tempo of change, makes shared parts with each other this way larger production volume resulted in lower costs for each range. For example, in the thirties, LaSalles, used which are sold by Cadillac, cheaper mechanical parts of which by Oldsmobile are made; in the fifties, Chevrolet shared cap, doors, roof, and windows with Pontiac; by the nineties, collective drivetrains were and the shared platforms (with interchangeable brakes, suspension, and other parts) common. But nevertheless, only itself the important makers could high costs, and even commit with decades of production, such as Apperson, Cole, Dorris, Haynes permit, or the first minister, could not lead: of zowat two hundred carmakers existing in 1920, survived only 43 in 1930, and with the large depression, in 1940, were only 17 of those left.[13 ] most of the cars in use today by petrol (that as petrol it is also confessed) or diesel internal combustion engines are operated, which are known to cause air clogging and also accused from contributing to climate change and overall ] rising costs warming.[17 of fuels on the basis of oil and quoting environment law and the restrictions on broeikasgasemissies concerning alternative power systems for cars operate the work. The efforts to improve these technologies or replace to include hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. The diesel motorige cars are long popular in Europe with the first models which in the thirties by Benz and Citroën van Mercedes are introduced. The most important advantage of those awl is 50% efficiencies of the fuel burn which is compared with 27%[18 ] in the best petrol engines. Benedenkant of the diesel are the presence in the exhaust gases of fine roetparticulates and the manufacturers start now filters be appropriate to remove these. A lot of diesel cars can biodiesel run also with little or no modifications on 100%. The driving forces behind the petrol have the advantage concerning diesel in barge and can work at higher rotatiesnelheden and they are the usual choice for being appropriate in the cars of high performance sports. The ininterrupted development of petrol engines for has caused efficiency and reduced pollution over hundred years improvements in. The carburettor was used on almost all engines from the car up to the eighties but it was long realised the better control of fuel/air mixture with fuel injection could be reached. The indirect fuel injection was used firstly in plane engines as from 1909, in running car engines of the thirties, and the cars of the recent ] direct injection of the petrol 1950s.[18 (GDI) now in production vehicles such as BMW of 2007 appear MINI starts. The exhaust gases are also cleaned by being appropriate a catalytic converter in the exhaust system. The clean air legislation in of the car industries the most many important markets have turned both into catalysts and fuel injection nearly universal assembly. Most of modern the petrol engines can ethylalcohol which are mixed in the petrol run also with up to 15% - the older vehicles are possible connections and snakes which could have been caused by ethylalcohol. With a small quantity herontwerp, gasoline-powered can vehicles on this way high ethylalcoholconcentraties run since 85%, 100% the ethylalcohol in some parts of the world (such as Brazil) are used, but the vehicles must have started on pure petrol and has been switched over on ethylalcohol as soon as the engine runs. Most of the petrol motorige is possible cars also on LPG with the additive of a tank of LPG for fuel rise and carburetionwijzigingen run add a mixer of LPG. LPG causes less toxic emissies and is a popular fuel for vorkheftrucks which must work within bldg.. The ethylalcohol, other alcohol fuels (biobutanol) and biogasoline have commonly use a motorcar fuel. Most of the alcohols have usually mixed less energy by litre than petrol and with petrol. The alcohols are used for a mixture of reasons - to raise octane, to improve since to emissies and fuel to based as an alternative to crude, they can be made of agriculture plants. The ethylalcoholprogramma of Brazil supply motorcar fuel approximately to 20% of the needs of the nations, including different million cars which on pure ethylalcohol work. Power of steam, usually an using oil or a gas heated boiler, was also in use up to the thirties but the most important disadvantage of could not the car have operated to the boilerdruk available was. It the advantage very low emissies have been possible cause since the combustion process can be checked carefully. To be disadvantages include bad heat efficiency and vast requirements with respect to electric auxiliaries.[21 ] in the fifties were of it a short interest in the engines using of the gasturbine (jet) and different makers of vagrant and Chrysler produced prototypes. In spite of the power entities which are very compact, high fuel consumption, strict delay in accelerator response, and lack of engine meant slowing down no cars reached production. The rotating engines were shakily introduced in cars NSU with Ro 80 and were later seen in Citroën G Birotor and different models of Mazda. In spite of their impressive softness, the bad reliability led and fuel economy to them that mainly disappears. Mazda, which start with R100 then rx-2, study that into these engines have continued, most of former the problems with rx-7 and rx-8 overcomes. A rocket car keeps the report in obstruction running. However it is used, fastest of those cars to place the report of the speed of the country, and dam jets of which of rocket, turbojet, or more and most successfully turn engine engines are recently transmitted operated the car ThrustSSC which two Rolls-Royce Spey heat turn engines using with the speed of sound at ground level could exceed again. The cars have a lot of basis safety problems - for example, they human drivers have who can go wrong, wheels which can tractie lose when slowing down, twisting or acceleration strengths too high, and mechanical systems are subject to failure. The collision is possible very serious or fatal impact has. Some vehicles have a high roll heaviness point and for this reason a raised tendency. The significant reductions of dead and wound have come require vehicle occupants from the additive of the oars of the security and laws in a lot of countries to carry them. The luchtkussens and wear the specialised systems of the child reservation that improved. The structural changes such as zij-effectbescherming confirm in the doors of and the they panels of the car relieve the impact of impact on the side of the vehicle. A lot of cars now include radar or sonar auscultators set up to the achtergedeelte of the car to warn if the driver he or she stands turn in an obstacle or a pedestrian on the point. Some vehicle manufacturers produce cars with apparatuss which also the immediacy to obstacles and other vehicles for the car measure and these uses to apply when the brakes a collision is inevitable. There have been also restricted efforts accounts on vertoningen and thermal reproduction technologies to use resembling on that uses in military planes for the driver with a better opinion of the way at night to provide. In spite of technological projection, there is still significant loss of living car accidents: Approximately 40,000 people die each year in the United States, with similar figures in European nations. This figure increases annually in step by increasing population and rising travel if no measures are taken, but the tariff by head and by mile of reiste regularly falls. The deathly toll almost worldwide in 2020 must double. A much higher number of accidents results in wound or permanent inaptitude. The highest accident figures are communicated in China and India. The European Union has to a rigid programme cut the deathly toll in half in 2010, and the Member States has started implement measures. This way also the costs to the society of including motorcar use, which that of can include: maintaining weigh, are possible pollution, the public health, the health care, and are brought of disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life, against the value of the advantages to the society in balance which the car-mobile produces use. The social advantages can include: the economy advantages, such as job and wealth realisation, of motorcar production and maintenance, transport supplies, the society well-being originated from free time and travel, and of the turnover chances generation of the tax chances. The capacity for people rapidly of place to place to move himself has to verreikende implications for the nature of our society. People can now far from their workshops imagine oneself, can it design of cities this way much by the need be stipulated to get down the nature of the bldg. and the public spaces vehicles and from the city such as city.[29
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